تأثير الرش بالمستخلصات المائية لنبات الثوم والزنجبيل في تثبيط الفطر Macrophomina phasiolina المسبب للتعفن الفحمي وفي حماية بادرات نبات السمسم Sesamum indicum L.

Abstract

This study was conducted in the Life Sciences Department laboratory, Faculty of Education, Zinjibar, to evaluate the effectiveness of aqueous extracts of Allium sativum and Zingiber officinale in inhibiting the fungus Macrophomina phaseolina, the causal agent of charcoal rot, and in protecting sesame seedlings from fungal infection.                                                                                                            

     The results showed that the aqueous extracts of "garlic" A. sativum cloves and "ginger" Z. officinale rhizomes were capable of protecting sesame seedlings from M. phaseolina and suppressing its growth. Treatment with A. sativum aqueous extract had a significant effect in increasing the germination percentage of sesame seedlings and reducing seedling mortality compared with treatment using ", Z. officinale rhizome extract. The highest germination percentage was recorded with A. sativum extract at a concentration of 40%, reaching 88.21%, whereas the lowest seedling mortality percentage at the same concentration reached 12.38%.                       

The results also indicated no significant differences in the average number of leaves of sesame seedlings among all spraying concentrations and treatments. However, interaction treatments significantly increased the average number of leaves per seedling. The highest number of leaves was observed with A. sativum treatment at 40% concentration, reaching 9.33 leaves per plant, with a significant difference compared with the other treatments                               

A. sativum extract treatment also exceeded Z. officinale extract treatment in the average leaf area per plant leaf, which reached 11.45 cm². No significant effects were found among treatments, concentrations, or interaction treatments for this trait. In addition, A. sativum clove and Z. officinale rhizome extracts effectively increased seedling height. The best increase in height was achieved with 20% ", Z. officinale extract, reaching 30.918 cm.

The results further showed no significant differences in the mean fresh and dry weights of stems and roots of sesame seedlings at all spraying concentrations, among treatments, or in the interaction between concentrations and treatments. The highest mean fresh and dry weights of stems and roots were obtained using A. sativum extract at 40% concentration. The average fresh weights reached 1.310 g for stems and 0.219 g for roots, while the average dry weights at the same concentration reached 0.209 g for stems and 0.036 g for roots.