الحياة النباتية لمنطقة ريشان مديرية قعطبة محافظة الضالع الجهورية اليمنية

Abstract

The current study was conducted in Rishan district, Qatabah district, Al-Dhalea governorate - Republic of Yemen, where the study area is located between longitudes 44.7400 and 44.7110, and latitudes 13.8490 and 13.7010, covering an area of 7.14 km2. The study was carried out during the period from 1/8/2018 to 15/8/2020, through field visits to the study area, at a rate of 4-5 visits per month to nearby habitats, and from two to 3 visits to habitats per month for distant habitats. through which a comprehensive survey was carried out for most of the habitats of the study area (mountains - corals - valleys), and ideal plant samples were collected for each plant species present in the study area with photographing and recording the coordinates: (longitude, latitude, and altitude above sea level) using a GPS device. The results of the study resulted in the registration of 252 plant species belonging to 156 genera belonging to 56 plant families, including 6 plant species, 5 genera, 3 plant families belonging to fern plants, 246 species, 152 genera, and 53 plant families belonging to flowering plants (219 species, 130 genera). , and 45 families) follow the dicotyledons, and (27 species, 21 genera, and 8 families) follow the monocots. The results showed that the most diverse and widespread plant families are Fabaceae (Acanthaceae, Asteraceae, Apocynaceae, Euphorbiacea, Malvaceae, Laminaceae, Amaranthaceae).

The results showed that the most diverse genera in the study area were the genera: Euphorbia (8 species), then the genus Hibiscus (7 species), followed by the two genera: Heliotropium, Indigofera (6 species each), then the genera: Acacia, Barleria, Grewia (5 species for each genus), then the genera: Caralluma, Ficus, Justicia, Leucus, Senna, Solanum (4 species for each genus).

The results showed that annual herbs predominated in the study area, as they were represented by 79 species with a rate of (31.35%), followed by perennial herbs, as they were represented by 78 species with a rate of (30.95%), while shrubs were represented by 64 species with a rate of (25.40%), and under bushes were represented by 20 species, with a rate of (7.94%), and trees were represented by 11 species, with a rate of (4.37%). The results also showed that one invasive plant species was recorded, in addition to two semi-parasitoid species, and 23 endemic and semi-endemic plant species were recorded (8 endemic species in Yemen, and 15 semi-endemic species). The number of endemic and semi-endemic species. The results also indicated that 35 plant species were registered, which constituted 13.89% of the total species registered in the study area, which is a new addition to the flora of Al-Dhalea Governorate. The results showed that the study area is rich in plant species despite its small area, which calls for great interest and further studies on it.