نشأة آراء الخوارج

Abstract

This research aims to clarify the true nature of the conflict that caused the first schism within the ranks of the Muslims, to present the true reality of the methodology of the Khawārij and to warn against it, and to elucidate the methodology of the Messenger Muhammad (peace and blessings be upon him) and the righteous predecessors (al-Salaf al-Ṣāliḥ) in times of dispute.

The study consists of an introduction, three chapters, and a conclusion, summarized as follows:

Introduction: It includes a brief overview of the research topic, the objectives of the study, and a review of previous studies.

Chapter One: It addresses the earliest views that fractured the ranks of the Muslims and led to the emergence of the Khawārij (al-Ḥarūriyyah) at Ḥarūrāʾ. It discusses the dialogue that took place between them and ʿAbd Allāh ibn ʿAbbās (may Allah be pleased with him), as well as between them and the Commander of the Faithful, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib (may Allah be pleased with him). It also explains how many of them recanted after that dialogue and returned from Ḥarūrāʾ to Kūfah, though they later revolted again and headed toward al-Nahrawān.

Chapter Two: It includes the objections (al-maʾākhidh) raised by the al-Muḥakkimah against the Commander of the Faithful, ʿAlī (may Allah be pleased with him), analyzing and discussing them, and clarifying their true nature.

Chapter Three: It discusses the views that later divided the ranks of the Khawārij themselves and split them into factions, beginning with the emergence of the views of Nāfiʿ ibn al-Azraq.

Conclusion: It includes the most significant findings reached by the researcher and the recommendations proposed.